Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for bioprocess applications. These reactors utilize compactly packed hollow fibers as the transmembrane element, offering high surface area for exchange. The configuration of the fibers enables efficient transport of both feedstock and output. Applications of hollow fiber membrane biore

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) constructed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes exhibit potential results in wastewater treatment applications. This article explores a comprehensive performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, considering key factors such as system fouling, effluent quality, and energy usage. The analysis investigates

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the advantages of conventional activated sludge systems